Healthcare Literacy: we don’t know what we don’t know!

by Alfred Knight, MD on March 14, 2012

in Healthcare

A January 2012 online publication in Health Affairs speaks to a fundamental issue in healthcare, which costs billions, causes great harm, and creates barriers to healthy communities: the lack of health literacy.

The major components of health literacy are print literacy (writing and reading), oral (listening and speaking) and numeracy (using and understanding numbers, such as risk of a complication or medication doses).

Most patients do poorly on all! Only 12 percent of U.S. adults understand and use health information effectively and 8.7 percent of Americans are not even proficient in English (pdf).

About a year ago, I developed a significant medical problem (more on that later, perhaps). Being on (and not beside) the examination table brings a very different perspective. So, I listened, questioned, read the provided literature, read consents (horribly written) and re-read……then I went to the web! 

Wow, how confusing! Knowing medical terminology helped, and knowing where to find reliable references was a start, but sorting opinion and science was somewhat harder. There was not a single source of information that I could use to make an informed decision. 

 So, how can we expect patients and families to follow a complicated (or even simple) therapeutic plan? New communication strategies improve adherence to medications dosing (38 percent versus 9.3 percent) and fewer dosing errors (5.4 percent versus 47.8 percent). Yes, nearly half of patients or families demonstrated dosing errors, which results in billions of dollars annually in unexpected healthcare costs and emergency room visits!!  

How does a healthcare provider readjust a dosage (or add a new medication) to control, say, hypertension, if the patient really was taking the medication as prescribed only half the time???

And whose job is it to provide this education? Healthcare educators! Whether a physician, nurse, unique educator or supporter, we have to get the right plan in play. And from my viewpoint, the physician is not likely to be that individual. We can help, provide counseling and reinforce the plan, but most of us don’t have the patience or luxury of time to listen, really answer all the questions and truly understand what the patient understands. 

The current financial reimbursement structures almost look as if we might be getting paid to simply get things done rather than getting them done correctly (although I am proud to say Scott & White follows the latter), but as healthcare continues to transform, an enhanced understanding of the therapeutic plan—on the part of the patient along with the provider– will save billions and provide better health for our communities.

Thoughts?

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  • http://www.facebook.com/mark.montgomery2 Mark Montgomery III

    Great topic for blogging.  This point has been discussed during countless hours of
    conversational bull sessions with the docs I work with in my area.  American free enterprise is largely
    based on competition and choice.  One
    of the major assumptions of free enterprise is that the consumer is informed
    and capable of making choices. 
    Healthcare, for the most part, does not work like this.  As you point out in your blog, it is
    very difficult for the consumer (patient) to be informed and become capable of
    making decisions.   The
    decisions patients make are largely based on trust in the doctor patient
    relationship.  This is one of the
    fundamental differences between healthcare and most other businesses and why in
    my view we can never completely be viewed as a commodity, able to be bought and
    sold to the highest bidder as if we were a stock option on Wall Street.   Unfortunately, abuses will occur
    by some providers because they realize our society will never become completely
    healthcare literate.  As you also
    allude to in your blog, this is one of my attractions and one of the
    fundamental strengths of our group practice model which rewards getting it done
    “correctly”.

  • Lauren Wojcik

    Thank you for bringing attention to this important issue. It
    is essential for healthcare providers to ensure that patients understand the
    information they are given. Patients should be encouraged to ask
    questions of their healthcare team and should feel comfortable doing so. One
    example of a simple program that can be implemented anywhere is the National
    Patient Safety Foundation’s “Ask Me 3” initiative, which encourages patients to
    ask their providers three questions (“What is my main problem?,” What do I need to do?,” and  “Why is it important for me
    to do this?”) at each visit.

    In my position as the public service librarian for McLane
    Children’s Hospital Scott & White, I provide families with reliable, easy
    to understand health information and help them navigate the vast expanses of
    information available online. McLane Children’s Hospital created the Family Resource Center last year and it is a valuable resource for our patients and their families.

    Your post mentions physicians, nurses, and “unique
    educators and supporters” as individuals who might provide this very necessary
    health education. I believe that librarians certainly qualify as part of that team. Librarians
    are (and long have been) partners in these education efforts, in line with our
    professional mandate to connect people with information.

    The National Network of Libraries of Medicine and the
    Medical Library Association both maintain websites on health
    literacy that anyone interested in this topic may find useful:

    http://www.mlanet.org/resources/healthlit/
    http://nnlm.gov/outreach/consumer/hlthlit.html

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